Definition of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Aliphatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings. These hydrocarbons are classified into three main homologous series: Hydrocarbons and Petroleum 1. Alkanes General Formula: CnH2n+2 Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Properties: Physical…
Definition of Organic Compounds Organic compounds are chemical substances primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, often combined with other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. These compounds are abundant in nature and form the basis of life, making up the structure of plants, animals, and other organisms. They are also the foundation for synthetic…
Stoichiometry Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that involves calculating the quantities of substances involved in chemical reactions. It uses balanced chemical equations to determine the relative amounts of reactants and products. Example: For the reaction: 2Hâ‚‚ + Oâ‚‚ → 2Hâ‚‚O If 2 moles of hydrogen (Hâ‚‚) react with 1 mole of oxygen (Oâ‚‚), 2…
1. Pure and Impure Substances: 2. Boiling and Melting Points: 3. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures: 4. Chemical and Physical Changes: 5. Properties of the Components of a Mixture: In a mixture, each component retains its own properties. For example: 6. Separation Processes: Different methods are used to separate mixtures based on the physical properties of…